The current consensus on formation of Cavernomas are genetics, which are either hereditary (familial) or sporadic (spontaneous). Although both are genetic causes, hereditary means that the genes were transferred from one generation to the next. Whereas, sporadic represents a change in the gene structure through risk factors or “second hit” where the gene is mutated from a secondary pathology.
Cavernomas can appear in two main ways:
Inherited (familial)
Passed down through certain genes in a family. The gene mutations include KRIT 1, KRIT 2, and KRIT 3.
Sporadic (spontaneous)
Appearing in someone with no family history. Scientists are trying to work out why these develop. Studies are being done around whether head injury, trauma to the brain, or other factors could lead to Cavernoma developing.
Many people will never know they have a Cavernoma unless it shows up on a scan.
How often do bleeds occur?
The average yearly rate of Cavernoma bleed is reported to be 1-2% per lesion in patients without prior bleeding. However, the risk increases in patients with history of bleeding to approximately 4-5% per year. The risk of bleeding then gradually reduces after 2-3 years from the episode of bleeding. The most consistent factor is location of the Cavernoma.
How likely are they to grow?
Research shows that about 35-43% of Cavernomas tend to increase in size with subsequent follow up. Contrarily, 35 55% of Cavernomas decreased in size and about 10-22% remained stable in size.
More information
Symptoms
From mild headaches to sudden seizures: discover how Cavernoma symptoms vary widely depending on its location.
Symptoms 
Cavernoma in children
Cavernoma in babies and toddlers can be hard to spot. Learn to recognize early signs like irritability, seizures, or developmental delays.
Cavernoma in children 
Living with Cavernoma
Many people with Cavernoma live full, normal lives. But it’s natural to feel anxious. Here is some helpful advice.
Living with Cavernoma