What symptoms can a Cavernoma cause?
Symptoms depend on where the Cavernoma is and whether it has leaked blood. Some people never have symptoms. Others may notice:
Seizures (fits)
Often the first sign
Headaches
Sometimes more severe or different to usual
Weakness or numbness in the face, arms, or legs
Problems with speech or memory
Blurred or double vision
Difficulty walking or keeping balance
Trouble swallowing or changes in the voice
If the brainstem is affected
If you suddenly develop a severe headache, seizure, weakness, speech or vision problems, or other sudden changes, seek medical help immediately.
Genetic Cavernoma
The known familial genes that cause Cavernomas are KRIT1 (CCM1), MGC4607 – Malcalvernin (CCM2) and PDCD10 (CCM3) . Each of these genes are autosomal dominant with variable penetrance. They are involved in regulating the cell-to-cell connections, formation of cells and blood vessels.
Historically, Cavernomas were thought to be congenital. However, the latest evidence suggests that they could be acquired. The likelihood of developing a Cavernoma is dependent on multiple factors – whether it is sporadic or familial. It is postulated that even with underlying family history of Cavernoma there is likely a natural history of a “second hit” precipitating the formation of Cavernomas. “Second hit” is described as a phenomenon that sequential insults to cells may cause an overwhelming physiologic reaction causing the formation of the disease.
How long do symptoms last?
Sometimes symptoms improve as the brain or spinal cord recovers from a small bleed. Other times, symptoms may last longer, especially if there have been repeated bleeds. Treatments such as medication or surgery can help manage symptoms.
How are symptoms treated?
Seizures
About half of people with Cavernoma-related epilepsy have good control with anti-seizure medicines. If medicines don’t help, surgery may be considered.
Headaches
Can sometimes be linked to migraine, so a headache specialist may be helpful.
Pain or weakness
Certain medicines or physiotherapy may help.
More information
Cavernoma in children
Cavernoma in babies and toddlers can be hard to spot. Learn to recognize early signs like irritability, seizures, or developmental delays.
Cavernoma in children 
Living with Cavernoma
Many people with Cavernoma live full, normal lives. But it’s natural to feel anxious. Here is some helpful advice.
Living with Cavernoma 
What is a Cavernoma?
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What is a Cavernoma?